In degenerative myopia, lacquer cracks are breaks in Bruch’s membrane that appear as fine, yellowish lines in the posterior pole. These cracks are caused by excessive axial elongation and can lead to complications such as choroidal neovascularization. Fundus imaging helps detect these characteristic lesions, essential for monitoring progression and assessing the risk of further retinal damage.

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Retinal reattachment in the wrong position can occur following surgery for retinal detachment, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) can reveal hyperautofluorescent lines where the retinal vessels originally lay. These lines represent areas of misalignment and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) stress, providing insight into the surgical outcome and potential functional impact.

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Optic disc drusen are calcified deposits within the optic nerve head, often visible on fundus autofluorescence (FAF) as hyperautofluorescent spots. FAF imaging enhances the detection of drusen by highlighting their autofluorescent properties, aiding in differentiation from other optic nerve abnormalities and in monitoring potential complications like visual field defects.

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In Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is used to assess retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes. Areas of active fluid accumulation may show hyperautofluorescence due to RPE stress, while chronic lesions exhibit hypoautofluorescence indicating RPE atrophy. FAF is valuable for monitoring CSC progression and guiding treatment.

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Choroidal nevus is a benign pigmented lesion that requires multimodal evaluation to monitor for signs of growth or malignant transformation. It is typically not visible on blue FAF or in blue and green channels, but it appears clearly on Near-Infrared Reflectance (NIR) and the red channel, which provide high contrast and detail. These imaging methods are essential for assessing nevus stability over time.

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In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), clinical findings includes confluent soft drusen, pigment migration, and RPE atrophy. Confluent soft drusen are large, yellowish deposits under the RPE, indicating a higher risk of progression. Pigment migration occurs as RPE cells move irregularly, and RPE atrophy presents as areas of cell loss, all contributing to gradual vision loss.

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