Other Cases

• Macular pseudohole

  68yo
  

  Macular pseudohole is characterized by a steepened foveal contour without a full-thickness defect. On Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), it shows a narrow, deep foveal pit with intact outer retinal layers, typically caused by a contractile epiretinal membrane (ERM). Differentiating it from a true macular hole is essential, as visual prognosis […]

  epiretinal membrane | ERM | macular pseudohole

• MacTel type 2

  55yo
  

  In macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel), the OCTA depth-enhanced map improves visualization of vascular alterations across different retinal layers. It highlights capillary rarefaction and telangiectatic vessels, particularly in the deep capillary plexus and outer retina. This tool enhances diagnostic accuracy and monitoring of neovascular complications in MacTel. #MacTel #OCTA #DepthEnhancedMap […]

  MacTel type 2

• Choroidal nevus

  57yo
  

  Choroidal nevus is best visualized using near-infrared reflectance (NIR) imaging. Its appearance may vary: it can be hyperreflective in confocal systems or hyporeflective in non-confocal imaging, depending on the imaging modality and melanin density. NIR enhances contrast for detecting and monitoring nevi, especially when they are not clearly visible on […]

• Asymptomatic BRVO

  68yo
  

  A superior nasal branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is usually asymptomatic, as the macula is typically spared. These cases are often identified incidentally during routine examination. Fluorescein angiography (FA) reveals localized capillary nonperfusion in the affected quadrant, indicating retinal ischemia. Despite the absence of symptoms, close follow-up is essential to […]

  brvo

• Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

  38yo
  

  In proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), neovascularization elsewhere (NVE) refers to abnormal blood vessel growth in the midperiphery or periphery of the retina. The green channel enhances contrast, making NVE more visible against the retinal background. Identifying NVE early is crucial for guiding treatment, such as panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) or anti-VEGF […]

  Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

• Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

  38yo
  

  In proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), subhyaloid hemorrhage results from fragile neovascularization bleeding into the preretinal space. The green channel enhances contrast, improving hemorrhage visualization on fundus imaging. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) shows a well-demarcated, hyperreflective hemorrhagic pocket between the retina and the posterior hyaloid face, which can affect visual acuity […]

  Proliferative diabetic retinopathy | subhyaloid hemorrhage

• AMD: Soft Drusen

  80yo
  

  In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), soft confluent drusen appear as yellowish deposits on true color imaging, often coalescing into larger lesions. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) reveals these drusen as elevations of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with underlying hyporeflective spaces. The presence of large, confluent drusen increases the risk of […]

  age-related macular degeneration | AMD | Soft Drusen

• AMD: Outer retinal tubulations

  77yo
  

  In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), outer retinal tubulations (ORT) can present unique patterns on en-face OCT, often resembling intraretinal fluid (IRF), leading to potential misdiagnosis. In the presented case, en-face imaging shows ORT as hyporreflective interconnected branching networks extensions  surrounded by a hyperreflective borders, while dark areas without hyperreflective borders […]

  age-related macular degeneration | AMD | neovascular AMD | outer retinal tubulations

• Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

  40yo
  

  In Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC), serous retinal detachment and serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED) are hallmark findings. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) reveals a hyporeflective space beneath the neurosensory retina and PEDs, often associated with focal RPE abnormalities. The leakage site at the RPE can be identified on OCT as a […]

  central serous chorioretinopathy | CSC

• Situs inversus: Degenerative myopia

  40yo
  

  In degenerative myopia, situs inversus refers to the tilted insertion of the optic disc, commonly associated with retinal and choroidal changes. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) B-scan often shows tilted scans due to the oblique orientation of posterior pole structures. This tilting can distort retinal layer visualization, requiring careful interpretation to […]

  degenerative myopia | situs inversus

• Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

  79yo
  

  Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV) should be investigated when subretinal fluid (SRF) is observed adjacent to the optic disc. En-face OCT imaging at the level of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) is a valuable tool for detecting SRF in these cases, providing a detailed view of fluid distribution and its impact on […]

  pcv | polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

• AMD: Disciform scar

  77yo
  

  In advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a disciform scar represents the end stage of neovascular AMD. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) shows hyperreflective fibrotic tissue replacing normal retinal layers, with possible subretinal fluid or retinal thinning. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) reveals hypoautofluorescence due to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy, with surrounding hyperautofluorescence […]

  age-related macular degeneration | AMD | disciform scar | neovascular AMD