Other Cases

• Multifocal Best’s vitelliform dystrophy

  33yo
  

  Multifocal Best vitelliform dystrophy is a rare retinal condition characterized by multiple yellowish vitelliform lesions scattered across the posterior pole. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) shows hyperautofluorescent lesions due to lipofuscin accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Over time, areas of hypoautofluorescence may appear, indicating RPE atrophy. FAF is crucial for […]

  Best's vitelliform dystrophy

• Drusen

  37yo
  

  The presence of drusen in a young woman may suggest inherited or systemic conditions rather than typical age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Conditions like familial drusen, basal laminar drusen, or early-onset drusen should be considered. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) can reveal their size and location, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) may show […]

  Drusen

• Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

  81yo
  

  Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV) should be investigated when subretinal fluid is observed adjacent to the optic disc. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is useful in these cases, as it highlights retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes. Areas of hyperautofluorescence indicate RPE stress, while hypoautofluorescence suggests atrophy, aiding in the identification of PCV-related abnormalities. […]

  pcv | polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

• Secondary macular telangiectasia (BRVO)

  70yo
  

  Secondary macular telangiectasia  due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is characterized by vascular changes in the macula. Fluorescein angiography (FA) reveals dilated and tortuous macular capillaries, areas of leakage, and capillary telangiectasia. FA helps assess the extent of macular involvement, guiding management decisions such as anti-VEGF therapy to address […]

  branch retinal vein occlusion | brvo | Secondary macular telangiectasia

• Myopic macular neovascularization

  40yo
  

  Myopic macular neovascularization (MNV) located in the superior parafoveal region can be effectively treated with anti-VEGF therapy. After treatment, the lesion appears as an area of hypoautofluorescence on fundus autofluorescence (FAF), indicating resolution of neovascular activity and associated damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). FAF is a useful tool […]

  degenerative myopia | Myopic macular neovascularization

• Ocular toxoplasmosis: Chorioretinitis scars

  67yo
  

  In ocular toxoplasmosis, chorioretinitis scars can reveal underlying structures such as the posterior long ciliary artery and nerve. These become visible due to the localized atrophy of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroid, allowing clearer visualization of the deeper scleral and vascular structures. #Toxoplasmosis #ChorioretinitisScar #PosteriorCiliaryArtery #RetinaImaging #FAF […]

  ocular toxoplasmosis

• Macular telangiectasia type 2

  82yo
  

  Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 (MacTel 2) can be monitored with blue light reflectance imaging, which highlights areas of retinal degeneration and structural changes. Over a 1-year follow-up, an increase in the hyperreflectant area indicates disease progression, reflecting the expansion of retinal abnormalities. This imaging modality is crucial for tracking disease […]

  MacTel type 2

• Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

  56yo
  

  In macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, post-surgical recovery can be evaluated using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). An excellent recovery of the external retina is characterized by the restoration of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM). These findings on OCT are associated with better visual outcomes, indicating effective surgical […]

  Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

• Sickle cell retinopathy

  20yo
  

  In sickle cell disease, the Goldberg classification is used to stage sickle cell retinopathy and guide treatment: Stage I: Peripheral arteriolar occlusion. Stage II: Peripheral arteriovenous anastomoses. Stage III: Sea fan neovascularization. Stage IV: Vitreous hemorrhage. Stage V: Tractional or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Treatment is typically initiated at Stage III […]

  sickle cell retinopathy

• AMD: Geographic atrophy

  87yo
  

  n age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with geographic atrophy (GA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and near-infrared (NIR) reflectance imaging provide complementary insights. FAF reveals hypoautofluorescence in areas of RPE loss, with hyperautofluorescent borders indicating regions at risk for progression. NIR reflectance highlights the atrophic zones with high contrast, providing detailed visualization of […]

  age-related macular degeneration | AMD | geographic atrophy

• Lamellar Hole-Associated Epiretinal Proliferation,

  72yo
  

  Lamellar Hole-Associated Epiretinal Proliferation (LHEP) can be differentiated from conventional epiretinal membranes (ERM) using blue light reflectance imaging. ERM appears hyperreflectant, while LHEP is hyporeflectant. This distinction arises due to macular pigment intermixed within LHEP, which absorbs blue light. Blue light reflectance is a valuable tool for distinguishing these conditions […]

  Lamellar Hole-Associated Epiretinal Proliferation | lhep

• Presumed Cone Dystrophy

  44yo
  

  Cone dystrophy is characterized by progressive dysfunction of cone photoreceptors, leading to visual symptoms such as photophobia, color vision loss, and central vision decline. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) often shows a bull’s-eye pattern of hyper- and hypoautofluorescence, indicating retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) reveals thinning or disruption […]

  cone dystrophy | Retinal Dystrophies