Other Cases

• Sickle cell retinopathy

  15yo
  

  In sickle cell retinopathy, peripheral ischemia occurs due to the occlusion of small retinal blood vessels by sickle-shaped red blood cells, which have decreased flexibility and increased adhesion to vascular endothelium. These blockages cause oxygen deprivation in the peripheral retina, leading to tissue hypoxia, neovascularization (e.g., sea fan formations), and […]

  proliferative sickle cell retinopathy | sickle cell | sickle cell retinopathy

• Diabetic retinopathy: ERM following PRP

  79yo
  

  In proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is a standard treatment to reduce neovascularization and prevent vision loss. However, PRP may contribute to the formation of an epiretinal membrane (ERM) due to retinal inflammation and scarring. ERM can cause visual distortion and may require surgical peeling if it significantly […]

  Diabetic retinopathy | epiretinal membrane | panretinal photocoagulation

• Optic disc drusen

  64yo
  

  Optic disc drusen appear as small, yellowish deposits within the optic nerve head and are visible on fundus examination, often with a lumpy or irregular appearance. These drusen can sometimes simulate optic disc edema, so accurate identification is essential. They may increase the risk of visual field defects and require […]

  Optic disc drusen

• Epiretinal membrane

  70yo
  

  An epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a thin, fibrous layer that forms on the inner retinal surface, causing visual distortion and blurriness. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) shows ERM as a hyperreflective layer on the retina’s inner surface, often with retinal thickening and distortion. Treatment may involve observation or surgical removal (membrane […]

  epiretinal membrane | ERM

• Peripheral retinoschisis

  69
  

  Peripheral retinoschisis is a splitting of the retinal layers that can be mistaken for retinal detachment due to similar fundoscopic appearance. However, retinoschisis is generally more stable and lacks the subretinal fluid that characterizes a true detachment. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and careful clinical examination help distinguish between the two, […]

  Peripheral retinoschisis

• Degenerative myopia: Tessellated fundus

  40
  

  In degenerative myopia, a tessellated (or tigroid) fundus appears due to thinning of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which reveals the underlying choroidal vasculature as a mosaic pattern. Red channel imaging enhances the contrast of this pattern, providing clear visualization of these structural changes. #DegenerativeMyopia #TessellatedFundus #RedChannel #RetinaImaging #ChoroidalVasculature #retina […]

• Diabetic macular edema

  79yo
  

  Diabetic macular edema (DME) is characterized by retinal thickening and fluid accumulation in the macula, often leading to vision loss. Fluorescein angiography (FA) is crucial for evaluating DME, as it reveals areas of capillary leakage, microaneurysms, and zones of ischemia. This imaging helps to assess the extent of vascular damage, […]

  diabetic macular edema | panretinal photocoagulation

• AMD: Geographic atrophy

  89
  

  In age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with geographic atrophy, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is used to assess the extent of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) loss. Areas of atrophy appear as hypoautofluorescent zones due to the absence of RPE, while hyperautofluorescent borders may indicate regions at risk for progression. FAF is essential for […]

  age-related macular degeneration | AMD | geographic atrophy

• Proliferative Sickle cell retinopathy

  15
  

  In proliferative sickle cell retinopathy, fluorescein angiography (FA) is crucial for identifying areas of peripheral ischemia and neovascularization, particularly the characteristic “sea fan” neovascular formations. FA highlights areas of non-perfusion and leakage, helping to map the extent of ischemia and guide interventions such as laser photocoagulation to prevent complications like […]

  proliferative sickle cell retinopathy | sickle cell | sickle cell retinopathy

• Acquired Vitelliform Lesion

  80yo
  

  Acquired Vitelliform Lesions (AVL) are characterized by subretinal yellowish deposits that can be assessed using multimodal imaging. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) shows hyperautofluorescence in the area of the lesion due to lipofuscin accumulation. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) reveals these deposits as hyperreflective material between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors, […]

  Acquired vitelliform lesion

• Degenerative myopia: Lacker cracks

  40
  

  In degenerative myopia, lacquer cracks are breaks in Bruch’s membrane that appear as fine, yellowish lines in the posterior pole. These cracks are caused by excessive axial elongation and can lead to complications such as choroidal neovascularization. Fundus imaging helps detect these characteristic lesions, essential for monitoring progression and assessing […]

  degenerative myopia | lacker cracks

• Low-integrity retinal attachment

  65
  

  Retinal reattachment in the wrong position can occur following surgery for retinal detachment, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) can reveal hyperautofluorescent lines where the retinal vessels originally lay. These lines represent areas of misalignment and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) stress, providing insight into the surgical outcome and potential functional impact. #RetinalReattachment […]

  low integrity retinal attachment | retinal detachment | Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment