Other Cases

• Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

  38yo
  

  In proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), subhyaloid hemorrhage results from fragile neovascularization bleeding into the preretinal space. The green channel enhances contrast, improving hemorrhage visualization on fundus imaging. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) shows a well-demarcated, hyperreflective hemorrhagic pocket between the retina and the posterior hyaloid face, which can affect visual acuity […]

  Proliferative diabetic retinopathy | subhyaloid hemorrhage

• AMD: Soft Drusen

  80yo
  

  In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), soft confluent drusen appear as yellowish deposits on true color imaging, often coalescing into larger lesions. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) reveals these drusen as elevations of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with underlying hyporeflective spaces. The presence of large, confluent drusen increases the risk of […]

  age-related macular degeneration | AMD | Soft Drusen

• AMD: Outer retinal tubulations

  77yo
  

  In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), outer retinal tubulations (ORT) can present unique patterns on en-face OCT, often resembling intraretinal fluid (IRF), leading to potential misdiagnosis. In the presented case, en-face imaging shows ORT as hyporreflective interconnected branching networks extensions  surrounded by a hyperreflective borders, while dark areas without hyperreflective borders […]

  age-related macular degeneration | AMD | neovascular AMD | outer retinal tubulations

• Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

  40yo
  

  In Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC), serous retinal detachment and serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED) are hallmark findings. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) reveals a hyporeflective space beneath the neurosensory retina and PEDs, often associated with focal RPE abnormalities. The leakage site at the RPE can be identified on OCT as a […]

  central serous chorioretinopathy | CSC

• Situs inversus: Degenerative myopia

  40yo
  

  In degenerative myopia, situs inversus refers to the tilted insertion of the optic disc, commonly associated with retinal and choroidal changes. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) B-scan often shows tilted scans due to the oblique orientation of posterior pole structures. This tilting can distort retinal layer visualization, requiring careful interpretation to […]

  degenerative myopia | situs inversus

• Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

  79yo
  

  Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV) should be investigated when subretinal fluid (SRF) is observed adjacent to the optic disc. En-face OCT imaging at the level of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) is a valuable tool for detecting SRF in these cases, providing a detailed view of fluid distribution and its impact on […]

  pcv | polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

• AMD: Disciform scar

  77yo
  

  In advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a disciform scar represents the end stage of neovascular AMD. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) shows hyperreflective fibrotic tissue replacing normal retinal layers, with possible subretinal fluid or retinal thinning. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) reveals hypoautofluorescence due to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy, with surrounding hyperautofluorescence […]

  age-related macular degeneration | AMD | disciform scar | neovascular AMD

• Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

  48yo
  

  In acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) reveals subretinal fluid as a hyporeflective space between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The absence of significant intraretinal fluid differentiates CSC from other causes of macular edema. OCT is essential for diagnosing, monitoring resolution, and assessing […]

  central serous chorioretinopathy | CSC

• Multifocal Best’s vitelliform dystrophy

  33yo
  

  Multifocal Best vitelliform dystrophy is a rare retinal condition characterized by multiple yellowish vitelliform lesions scattered across the posterior pole. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) shows hyperautofluorescent lesions due to lipofuscin accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Over time, areas of hypoautofluorescence may appear, indicating RPE atrophy. FAF is crucial for […]

  Best's vitelliform dystrophy

• Drusen

  37yo
  

  The presence of drusen in a young woman may suggest inherited or systemic conditions rather than typical age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Conditions like familial drusen, basal laminar drusen, or early-onset drusen should be considered. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) can reveal their size and location, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) may show […]

  Drusen

• Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

  81yo
  

  Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV) should be investigated when subretinal fluid is observed adjacent to the optic disc. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is useful in these cases, as it highlights retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes. Areas of hyperautofluorescence indicate RPE stress, while hypoautofluorescence suggests atrophy, aiding in the identification of PCV-related abnormalities. […]

  pcv | polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

• Secondary macular telangiectasia (BRVO)

  70yo
  

  Secondary macular telangiectasia  due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is characterized by vascular changes in the macula. Fluorescein angiography (FA) reveals dilated and tortuous macular capillaries, areas of leakage, and capillary telangiectasia. FA helps assess the extent of macular involvement, guiding management decisions such as anti-VEGF therapy to address […]

  branch retinal vein occlusion | brvo | Secondary macular telangiectasia