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Operculated hole
75yoOperculated hole occurs due to the vitreous traction over the flap of the retinal tear, resulting in the separation of the flap (suspended within the posterior hyaloid above the retinal surface). In this case, the symptomatic hole was treated using laser photocoagulation.
Other Cases
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Degenerative myopia: Lacker cracks
40In degenerative myopia, lacquer cracks are breaks in Bruch’s membrane that appear as fine, yellowish lines in the posterior pole. These cracks are caused by excessive axial elongation and can lead to complications such as choroidal neovascularization. Fundus imaging helps detect these characteristic lesions, essential for monitoring progression and assessing […]
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Low-integrity retinal attachment
65Retinal reattachment in the wrong position can occur following surgery for retinal detachment, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) can reveal hyperautofluorescent lines where the retinal vessels originally lay. These lines represent areas of misalignment and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) stress, providing insight into the surgical outcome and potential functional impact. #RetinalReattachment […]
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Optic disc drusen
64yoOptic disc drusen are calcified deposits within the optic nerve head, often visible on fundus autofluorescence (FAF) as hyperautofluorescent spots. FAF imaging enhances the detection of drusen by highlighting their autofluorescent properties, aiding in differentiation from other optic nerve abnormalities and in monitoring potential complications like visual field defects. #OpticDiscDrusen […]
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Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
50yoIn Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is used to assess retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes. Areas of active fluid accumulation may show hyperautofluorescence due to RPE stress, while chronic lesions exhibit hypoautofluorescence indicating RPE atrophy. FAF is valuable for monitoring CSC progression and guiding treatment. #CSC #FundusAutofluorescence #FAF […]
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Choroidal nevus
31yoChoroidal nevus is a benign pigmented lesion that requires multimodal evaluation to monitor for signs of growth or malignant transformation. It is typically not visible on blue FAF or in blue and green channels, but it appears clearly on Near-Infrared Reflectance (NIR) and the red channel, which provide high contrast […]
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AMD: Drusen and GA
67yoIn age-related macular degeneration (AMD), clinical findings includes confluent soft drusen, pigment migration, and RPE atrophy. Confluent soft drusen are large, yellowish deposits under the RPE, indicating a higher risk of progression. Pigment migration occurs as RPE cells move irregularly, and RPE atrophy presents as areas of cell loss, all […]
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Cilioretinal artery
31yoThe cilioretinal artery is an accessory retinal artery that supplies part of the macula, often originating from the posterior ciliary circulation rather than the central retinal artery. It is present in approximately 20-30% of individuals. Blue light reflectance imaging enhances visualization of the nerve fiber layer details and reitnal vascular […]
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“Bear track” CHRPE
31yo“Bear track” CHRPE (Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium) appears as multiple darkly pigmented lesions resembling bear tracks on fundus examination. Diagnosing CHRPE is important to differentiate it from other pigmented retinal lesions and to monitor for associations with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) in atypical cases. In imaging, CHRPE […]
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AMD: Gographic atrophy
67yoIn dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), drusen and geographic atrophy are common findings. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging highlights areas of RPE stress and degeneration: drusen may appear as hyperautofluorescent spots, while geographic atrophy shows marked hypoautofluorescence due to RPE loss. FAF is invaluable for monitoring progression and assessing areas at […]
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PAMM due to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
63yoParacentral Acute Middle Maculopathy (PAMM) secondary to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) is characterized by ischemia in the intermediate and deep capillary plexus. En-face OCT reveals a distinctive “fern-like” pattern, representing hyperreflective bands in the middle retinal layers. This pattern highlights the areas of ischemia, allowing for detailed visualization of […]
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Ocular toxoplasmosis
53Ocular toxoplasmosis can cause retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects due to inflammation and scarring. Blue light reflectance imaging is particularly helpful in identifying these RNFL changes, as it enhances the visualization of subtle defects and disruptions in the nerve fiber layer. This imaging modality aids in detecting structural damage […]
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AMD: Type 3 MNV
74In Type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV), OCT-Angiography B-scan with decorrelation signal is essential for detecting intraretinal neovascularization. The decorrelation signal appears as flow signals within the retinal layers on OCT-A, indicating abnormal blood vessels and helping to confirm the presence of Type 3 MNV. This non-invasive imaging technique is critical […]